#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// ============ TYPEDEFS & MACROS ============
typedef long long ll;
#define all(x) x.begin(), x.end()
#define ln "\n"
const int MY_MOD = 1e9 + 7;
void Read()
{
// File I/O
freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);
freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout);
}
void Fast()
{
ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(NULL);
}
// ============ MAIN SOLUTION ============
void solve(){
int a , b;
cin >> a >> b;
// is there 1 --> 1
ll sum = 0;
for(int bit = 0 ; bit < 32 ; bit++){
int bit_a = (a & (1ll << bit));
int bit_b = (b & (1ll << bit));
if (bit_a && bit_b){
sum += (1ll << bit);
}
}
// not sum will be the x
cout << (a ^ sum) + (b ^ sum) << ln;
}
int main()
{
Fast();
//Read(); // Command it When Submit in CodeForces
int t = 1;
cin >> t;
while (t--)
{
solve();
}
return 0;
}
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