//********************************************************
//
// Assignment 8 - Structures and Strings and Pointers
//
// Name: Sovanna Mann
//
// Class: C Programming, Fall 2024
//
// Date: 11/8/2024
//
// Description: Program which determines overtime and
// gross pay for a set of employees with outputs sent
// to standard output (the screen).
//
// This assignment also adds the employee name, their tax state,
// and calculates the state tax, federal tax, and net pay. It
// also calculates totals, averages, minimum, and maximum values.
//
// Array and Structure references are to be replaced with
// pointer references to speed up the processing of this code.
//
// Call by Reference design (using pointers)
//
//********************************************************
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
// define constants
#define SIZE 5
#define STD_HOURS 40.0
#define OT_RATE 1.5
#define MA_TAX_RATE 0.05
#define NH_TAX_RATE 0.0
#define VT_TAX_RATE 0.06
#define CA_TAX_RATE 0.07
#define DEFAULT_TAX_RATE 0.08
#define NAME_SIZE 20
#define TAX_STATE_SIZE 3
#define FED_TAX_RATE 0.25
#define FIRST_NAME_SIZE 10
#define LAST_NAME_SIZE 10
// Define a structure type to store an employee name
struct name {
char firstName[FIRST_NAME_SIZE];
char lastName [LAST_NAME_SIZE];
};
// Define a structure type to pass employee data between functions
struct employee {
struct name empName;
char taxState[TAX_STATE_SIZE];
long int clockNumber;
float wageRate;
float hours;
float overtimeHrs;
float grossPay;
float stateTax;
float fedTax;
float netPay;
};
// this structure type defines the totals of all floating point items
struct totals {
float total_wageRate;
float total_hours;
float total_overtimeHrs;
float total_grossPay;
float total_stateTax;
float total_fedTax;
float total_netPay;
};
// this structure type defines the min and max values of all floating point items
struct min_max {
float min_wageRate;
float min_hours;
float min_overtimeHrs;
float min_grossPay;
float min_stateTax;
float min_fedTax;
float min_netPay;
float max_wageRate;
float max_hours;
float max_overtimeHrs;
float max_grossPay;
float max_stateTax;
float max_fedTax;
float max_netPay;
};
// define prototypes here for each function except main
// These prototypes have already been transitioned to pointers
void getHours(struct employee *emp_ptr, int theSize);
void printEmp(struct employee *emp_ptr, int theSize);
void calcEmployeeTotals(struct employee *emp_ptr,
struct totals *emp_totals_ptr,
int theSize);
void calcEmployeeMinMax(struct employee *emp_ptr,
struct min_max *emp_MinMax_ptr,
int theSize);
// This prototype does not need to use pointers
void printHeader(void);
// Transitioned prototypes from using arrays to pointers
void calcOvertimeHrs(struct employee *emp_ptr, int theSize);
void calcGrossPay(struct employee *emp_ptr, int theSize);
void calcStateTax(struct employee *emp_ptr, int theSize);
void calcFedTax(struct employee *emp_ptr, int theSize);
void calcNetPay(struct employee *emp_ptr, int theSize);
void printEmpStatistics(struct totals *emp_totals_ptr,
struct min_max *emp_MinMax_ptr,
int theSize);
int main() {
// Initialize the name, tax state, clock number, and wage rate
struct employee employeeData[SIZE] = {
{ {"Connie", "Cobol"}, "MA", 98401, 10.60},
{ {"Mary", "Apl"}, "NH", 526488, 9.75 },
{ {"Frank", "Fortran"}, "VT", 765349, 10.50 },
{ {"Jeff", "Ada"}, "NY", 34645, 12.25 },
{ {"Anton", "Pascal"},"CA",127615, 8.35 }
};
// declare a pointer to the array of employee structures
struct employee *emp_ptr = employeeData;
// set up structure to store totals and initialize all to zero
struct totals employeeTotals = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
// pointer to the employeeTotals structure
struct totals *emp_totals_ptr = &employeeTotals;
// set up structure to store min and max values and initialize all to zero
struct min_max employeeMinMax = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
// pointer to the employeeMinMax structure
struct min_max *emp_minMax_ptr = &employeeMinMax;
// Call functions as needed to read and calculate information
// Prompt for the number of hours worked by the employee
getHours(emp_ptr, SIZE);
// Calculate the overtime hours
calcOvertimeHrs(emp_ptr, SIZE);
// Calculate the weekly gross pay
calcGrossPay(emp_ptr, SIZE);
// Calculate the state tax
calcStateTax(emp_ptr, SIZE);
// Calculate the federal tax
calcFedTax(emp_ptr, SIZE);
// Calculate the net pay after taxes
calcNetPay(emp_ptr, SIZE);
// Keep a running sum of the employee totals
calcEmployeeTotals(emp_ptr, emp_totals_ptr, SIZE);
// Keep a running update of the employee minimum and maximum values
calcEmployeeMinMax(emp_ptr, emp_minMax_ptr, SIZE);
// Print the column headers
printHeader();
// print out final information on each employee
printEmp(emp_ptr, SIZE);
// print the totals and averages for all float items
printEmpStatistics(emp_totals_ptr, emp_minMax_ptr, SIZE);
return 0; // success
}
//**************************************************************
// Function: getHours
//
// Purpose: Obtains input from user, the number of hours worked
// per employee and updates it in the array of structures
// for each employee.
//
// Parameters:
//
// emp_ptr - pointer to array of employees (i.e., struct employee)
// theSize - the array size (i.e., number of employees)
//
// Returns: void (the employee hours gets updated by reference)
//
//**************************************************************
void getHours(struct employee *emp_ptr, int theSize) {
int i; // loop index
// read in hours for each employee
for (i = 0; i < theSize; ++i) {
// Read in hours for employee
printf("\nEnter hours worked by emp # %06li: ", emp_ptr
->clockNumber
); scanf("%f", &emp_ptr
->hours
);
// set pointer to next employee
++emp_ptr;
}
} // getHours
//**************************************************************
// Function: printHeader
//
// Purpose: Prints the initial table header information.
//
// Parameters: none
//
// Returns: void
//
//**************************************************************
void printHeader(void) {
printf ("\n\n*** Pay Calculator ***\n");
// print the table header
printf("\n--------------------------------------------------------------"); printf("-------------------"); printf("\nName Tax Clock# Wage Hours OT Gross ");
printf("\n--------------------------------------------------------------"); printf("-------------------"); }
//*************************************************************
// Function: printEmp
//
// Purpose: Prints out all the information for each employee
// in a nice and orderly table format.
//
// Parameters:
//
// emp_ptr - pointer to array of struct employee
// theSize - the array size (i.e., number of employees)
//
// Returns: void
//
//**************************************************************
void printEmp(struct employee *emp_ptr, int theSize) {
int i; // array and loop index
// Used to format the employee name
char name[FIRST_NAME_SIZE + LAST_NAME_SIZE + 1];
// read in hours for each employee
for (i = 0; i < theSize; ++i) {
// While you could just print the first and last name in the printf
// statement that follows, you could also use various C string library
// functions to format the name exactly the way you want it. Breaking
// the name into first and last members additionally gives you some
// flexibility in printing. This also becomes more useful if we decide
// later to store other parts of a person's name. I really did this just
// to show you how to work with some of the common string functions.
strcpy(name
, emp_ptr
->empName.
firstName); strcat(name
, " "); // add a space between first and last names strcat(name
, emp_ptr
->empName.
lastName);
// Print out a single employee
printf("\n%-20.20s %-2.2s %06li %5.2f %4.1f %4.1f %7.2f %6.2f %7.2f %8.2f", name, emp_ptr->taxState, emp_ptr->clockNumber,
emp_ptr->wageRate, emp_ptr->hours,
emp_ptr->overtimeHrs, emp_ptr->grossPay,
emp_ptr->stateTax, emp_ptr->fedTax,
emp_ptr->netPay);
// set pointer to next employee
++emp_ptr;
}
}
//*************************************************************
// Function: printEmpStatistics
//
// Purpose: Prints out the summary totals and averages of all
// floating point value items for all employees
// that have been processed. It also prints
// out the min and max values.
//
// Parameters:
//
// emp_totals_ptr - pointer to a structure containing a running total
// of all employee floating point items
// emp_MinMax_ptr - pointer to a structure containing all the minimum
// and maximum values of all employee
// floating point items
// theSize - the total number of employees processed, used
// to check for zero or negative divide condition.
//
// Returns: void
//
//**************************************************************
void printEmpStatistics(struct totals *emp_totals_ptr,
struct min_max *emp_MinMax_ptr,
int theSize) {
// print a separator line
printf("\n--------------------------------------------------------------"); printf("-------------------");
// print the totals for all the floating point fields
printf("\nTotals: %5.2f %5.1f %5.1f %7.2f %6.2f %7.2f %8.2f", emp_totals_ptr->total_wageRate,
emp_totals_ptr->total_hours,
emp_totals_ptr->total_overtimeHrs,
emp_totals_ptr->total_grossPay,
emp_totals_ptr->total_stateTax,
emp_totals_ptr->total_fedTax,
emp_totals_ptr->total_netPay);
// make sure you don't divide by zero or a negative number
if (theSize > 0) {
// print the averages for all the floating point fields
printf("\nAverages: %5.2f %5.1f %5.1f %7.2f %6.2f %7.2f %8.2f", emp_totals_ptr->total_wageRate / theSize,
emp_totals_ptr->total_hours / theSize,
emp_totals_ptr->total_overtimeHrs / theSize,
emp_totals_ptr->total_grossPay / theSize,
emp_totals_ptr->total_stateTax / theSize,
emp_totals_ptr->total_fedTax / theSize,
emp_totals_ptr->total_netPay / theSize);
}
// print the min and max values
printf("\nMinimum: %5.2f %5.1f %5.1f %7.2f %6.2f %7.2f %8.2f", emp_MinMax_ptr->min_wageRate,
emp_MinMax_ptr->min_hours,
emp_MinMax_ptr->min_overtimeHrs,
emp_MinMax_ptr->min_grossPay,
emp_MinMax_ptr->min_stateTax,
emp_MinMax_ptr->min_fedTax,
emp_MinMax_ptr->min_netPay);
printf("\nMaximum: %5.2f %5.1f %5.1f %7.2f %6.2f %7.2f %8.2f", emp_MinMax_ptr->max_wageRate,
emp_MinMax_ptr->max_hours,
emp_MinMax_ptr->max_overtimeHrs,
emp_MinMax_ptr->max_grossPay,
emp_MinMax_ptr->max_stateTax,
emp_MinMax_ptr->max_fedTax,
emp_MinMax_ptr->max_netPay);
}
//*************************************************************
// Function: calcOvertimeHrs
//
// Purpose: Calculates the overtime hours worked by an employee
// in a given week for each employee.
//
// Parameters:
//
// emp_ptr - pointer to array of employees (i.e., struct employee)
// theSize - the array size (i.e., number of employees)
//
// Returns: void (the overtime hours gets updated by reference)
//
//**************************************************************
void calcOvertimeHrs(struct employee *emp_ptr, int theSize) {
int i; // array and loop index
// calculate overtime hours for each employee
for (i = 0; i < theSize; ++i) {
// Any overtime?
if (emp_ptr->hours >= STD_HOURS) {
emp_ptr->overtimeHrs = emp_ptr->hours - STD_HOURS;
} else { // no overtime
emp_ptr->overtimeHrs = 0;
}
// set pointer to next employee
++emp_ptr;
}
}
//*************************************************************
// Function: calcGrossPay
//
// Purpose: Calculates the gross pay based on the normal pay
// and any overtime pay for a given week for each
// employee.
//
// Parameters:
//
// emp_ptr - pointer to array of employees (i.e., struct employee)
// theSize - the array size (i.e., number of employees)
//
// Returns: void (the gross pay gets updated by reference)
//
//**************************************************************
void calcGrossPay(struct employee *emp_ptr, int theSize) {
int i; // loop and array index
float theNormalPay; // normal pay without any overtime hours
float theOvertimePay; // overtime pay
// calculate grossPay for each employee
for (i = 0; i < theSize; ++i) {
// calculate normal pay and any overtime pay
theNormalPay = emp_ptr->wageRate *
(emp_ptr->hours - emp_ptr->overtimeHrs);
theOvertimePay = emp_ptr->overtimeHrs *
(OT_RATE * emp_ptr->wageRate);
// calculate gross pay for employee as normalPay + any overtime pay
emp_ptr->grossPay = theNormalPay + theOvertimePay;
// set pointer to next employee
++emp_ptr;
}
}
//*************************************************************
// Function: calcStateTax
//
// Purpose: Calculates the State Tax owed based on gross pay
// for each employee. State tax rate is based on the
// the designated tax state based on where the
// employee is actually performing the work. Each
// state decides their tax rate.
//
// Parameters:
//
// emp_ptr - pointer to array of employees (i.e., struct employee)
// theSize - the array size (i.e., number of employees)
//
// Returns: void (the state tax gets updated by reference)
//
//**************************************************************
void calcStateTax(struct employee *emp_ptr, int theSize) {
int i; // loop and array index
// calculate state tax based on where employee works
for (i = 0; i < theSize; ++i) {
// Make sure tax state is all uppercase
emp_ptr
->taxState
[0] = toupper(emp_ptr
->taxState
[0]); emp_ptr
->taxState
[1] = toupper(emp_ptr
->taxState
[1]);
// calculate state tax based on where employee resides
if (strcmp(emp_ptr
->taxState
, "MA") == 0) emp_ptr->stateTax = emp_ptr->grossPay * MA_TAX_RATE;
else if (strcmp(emp_ptr
->taxState
, "VT") == 0) emp_ptr->stateTax = emp_ptr->grossPay * VT_TAX_RATE;
else if (strcmp(emp_ptr
->taxState
, "NH") == 0) emp_ptr->stateTax = emp_ptr->grossPay * NH_TAX_RATE;
else if (strcmp(emp_ptr
->taxState
, "CA") == 0) emp_ptr->stateTax = emp_ptr->grossPay * CA_TAX_RATE;
else
// any other state is the default rate
emp_ptr->stateTax = emp_ptr->grossPay * DEFAULT_TAX_RATE;
// set pointer to next employee
++emp_ptr;
}
}
//*************************************************************
// Function: calcFedTax
//
// Purpose: Calculates the Federal Tax owed based on the gross
// pay for each employee
//
// Parameters:
//
// emp_ptr - pointer to array of employees (i.e., struct employee)
// theSize - the array size (i.e., number of employees)
//
// Returns: void (the federal tax gets updated by reference)
//
//**************************************************************
void calcFedTax(struct employee *emp_ptr, int theSize) {
int i; // loop and array index
// calculate the federal tax for each employee
for (i = 0; i < theSize; ++i) {
// Fed Tax is the same for all regardless of state
emp_ptr->fedTax = emp_ptr->grossPay * FED_TAX_RATE;
// set pointer to next employee
++emp_ptr;
}
}
//*************************************************************
// Function: calcNetPay
//
// Purpose: Calculates the net pay as the gross pay minus any
// state and federal taxes owed for each employee.
// Essentially, their "take home" pay.
//
// Parameters:
//
// emp_ptr - pointer to array of employees (i.e., struct employee)
// theSize - the array size (i.e., number of employees)
//
// Returns: void (the net pay gets updated by reference)
//
//**************************************************************
void calcNetPay(struct employee *emp_ptr, int theSize) {
int i; // loop and array index
float theTotalTaxes; // the total state and federal tax
// calculate the take home pay for each employee
for (i = 0; i < theSize; ++i) {
// calculate the total state and federal taxes
theTotalTaxes = emp_ptr->stateTax + emp_ptr->fedTax;
// calculate the net pay
emp_ptr->netPay = emp_ptr->grossPay - theTotalTaxes;
// set pointer to next employee
++emp_ptr;
}
}
//*************************************************************
// Function: calcEmployeeTotals
//
// Purpose: Performs a running total (sum) of each employee
// floating point member in the array of structures
//
// Parameters:
//
// emp_ptr - pointer to array of employees (structure)
// emp_totals_ptr - pointer to a structure containing the
// running totals of all floating point
// members in the array of employee structure
// that is accessed and referenced by emp_ptr
// theSize - the array size (i.e., number of employees)
//
// Returns:
//
// void (the employeeTotals structure gets updated by reference)
//
//**************************************************************
void calcEmployeeTotals(struct employee *emp_ptr,
struct totals *emp_totals_ptr,
int theSize) {
int i; // loop index
// total up each floating point item for all employees
for (i = 0; i < theSize; ++i) {
// add current employee data to our running totals
emp_totals_ptr->total_wageRate += emp_ptr->wageRate;
emp_totals_ptr->total_hours += emp_ptr->hours;
emp_totals_ptr->total_overtimeHrs += emp_ptr->overtimeHrs;
emp_totals_ptr->total_grossPay += emp_ptr->grossPay;
emp_totals_ptr->total_stateTax += emp_ptr->stateTax;
emp_totals_ptr->total_fedTax += emp_ptr->fedTax;
emp_totals_ptr->total_netPay += emp_ptr->netPay;
// go to next employee in our array of structures
++emp_ptr;
}
}
//*************************************************************
// Function: calcEmployeeMinMax
//
// Purpose: Accepts various floating point values from an
// employee and adds to a running update of min
// and max values
//
// Parameters:
//
// emp_ptr - pointer to array of employees (i.e., struct employee)
// emp_minMax_ptr - pointer to a structure containing the
// running min and max values of all floating
// point members in the array of employee structure
// that is accessed and referenced by emp_ptr
// theSize - the array size (i.e., number of employees)
//
// Returns:
//
// void (the employeeMinMax structure gets updated by reference)
//
//**************************************************************
void calcEmployeeMinMax(struct employee *emp_ptr,
struct min_max *emp_minMax_ptr,
int theSize) {
int i; // loop index
// At this point, emp_ptr is pointing to the first
// employee which is located in the first element
// of our employee array of structures (employeeData).
// As this is the first employee, set each min
// and max value using our emp_minMax_ptr
// to the associated member fields below. They
// will become the initial baseline that we
// can check and update if needed against the
// remaining employees.
// set the min to the first employee members
emp_minMax_ptr->min_wageRate = emp_ptr->wageRate;
emp_minMax_ptr->min_hours = emp_ptr->hours;
emp_minMax_ptr->min_overtimeHrs = emp_ptr->overtimeHrs;
emp_minMax_ptr->min_grossPay = emp_ptr->grossPay;
emp_minMax_ptr->min_stateTax = emp_ptr->stateTax;
emp_minMax_ptr->min_fedTax = emp_ptr->fedTax;
emp_minMax_ptr->min_netPay = emp_ptr->netPay;
// set the max to the first employee members
emp_minMax_ptr->max_wageRate = emp_ptr->wageRate;
emp_minMax_ptr->max_hours = emp_ptr->hours;
emp_minMax_ptr->max_overtimeHrs = emp_ptr->overtimeHrs;
emp_minMax_ptr->max_grossPay = emp_ptr->grossPay;
emp_minMax_ptr->max_stateTax = emp_ptr->stateTax;
emp_minMax_ptr->max_fedTax = emp_ptr->fedTax;
emp_minMax_ptr->max_netPay = emp_ptr->netPay;
// compare the rest of the employees to each other for min and max
for (i = 1; i < theSize; ++i) {
// go to next employee in our array of structures
++emp_ptr;
// check if current Wage Rate is the new min and/or max
if (emp_ptr->wageRate < emp_minMax_ptr->min_wageRate) {
emp_minMax_ptr->min_wageRate = emp_ptr->wageRate;
}
if (emp_ptr->wageRate > emp_minMax_ptr->max_wageRate) {
emp_minMax_ptr->max_wageRate = emp_ptr->wageRate;
}
// check if current Hours is the new min and/or max
if (emp_ptr->hours < emp_minMax_ptr->min_hours) {
emp_minMax_ptr->min_hours = emp_ptr->hours;
}
if (emp_ptr->hours > emp_minMax_ptr->max_hours) {
emp_minMax_ptr->max_hours = emp_ptr->hours;
}
// check if current Overtime Hours is the new min and/or max
if (emp_ptr->overtimeHrs < emp_minMax_ptr->min_overtimeHrs) {
emp_minMax_ptr->min_overtimeHrs = emp_ptr->overtimeHrs;
}
if (emp_ptr->overtimeHrs > emp_minMax_ptr->max_overtimeHrs) {
emp_minMax_ptr->max_overtimeHrs = emp_ptr->overtimeHrs;
}
// check if current Gross Pay is the new min and/or max
if (emp_ptr->grossPay < emp_minMax_ptr->min_grossPay) {
emp_minMax_ptr->min_grossPay = emp_ptr->grossPay;
}
if (emp_ptr->grossPay > emp_minMax_ptr->max_grossPay) {
emp_minMax_ptr->max_grossPay = emp_ptr->grossPay;
}
// check if current State Tax is the new min and/or max
if (emp_ptr->stateTax < emp_minMax_ptr->min_stateTax) {
emp_minMax_ptr->min_stateTax = emp_ptr->stateTax;
}
if (emp_ptr->stateTax > emp_minMax_ptr->max_stateTax) {
emp_minMax_ptr->max_stateTax = emp_ptr->stateTax;
}
// check if current Federal Tax is the new min and/or max
if (emp_ptr->fedTax < emp_minMax_ptr->min_fedTax) {
emp_minMax_ptr->min_fedTax = emp_ptr->fedTax;
}
if (emp_ptr->fedTax > emp_minMax_ptr->max_fedTax) {
emp_minMax_ptr->max_fedTax = emp_ptr->fedTax;
}
// check if current Net Pay is the new min and/or max
if (emp_ptr->netPay < emp_minMax_ptr->min_netPay) {
emp_minMax_ptr->min_netPay = emp_ptr->netPay;
}
if (emp_ptr->netPay > emp_minMax_ptr->max_netPay) {
emp_minMax_ptr->max_netPay = emp_ptr->netPay;
}
} // else if
// no need to return anything since we used pointers and have
// been referencing the employeeData structure and the
// the employeeMinMax structure from its calling function ...
// this is the power of Call by Reference.
} // calcEmployeeMinMax